Demand for Foreign Exchange Reserves in India: A Co-integration Approach

Using cointegraion and vector error correction approach, we estimate India’s demand for foreign exchange reserves over the period 1983:1-2005:1. Our results establish that the ratio imports to GDP, the ratio of broad money to GDP,exchange rate flexibility and interest rate differential determine India’s long-run reserves demand function. Our empirical results show that reserve accumulation in India is highly sensitive to capital account vulnerability and less sensitive to its opportunity cost. The speed of adjustment coefficient of vector error correction model suggests that Reserve Bank of India has to engage in more active reserve management practices.foreign exchange reserves; capital account vulnerability; current account vulnerability; cointegration

Hormonal modulation of reproduction-specific thiamin carrier protein in the rat

The hormonal modulation of thiamin carrier protein in the plasma and uterine luminal secretion during the normal reproductive phases of the animal (estrous cycle and pregnancy) as well as during experimental estrogenisation was investigated in the rat using a specific and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay procedure developed for this purpose. Following a single injection of estrogen to immature male rats, thiamin carrier protein rapidly accumulated in plasma attaining peak concentration at 48 h and declining thereafter. A 1.5-fold amplification of the inductive response was observed on secondary stimulation with the hormone. The magnitude of the response exhibited a clear dependency on the dose of the steroid hormone, whereas the time at which peak levels of thiamin carrier protein production was remained unaltered in the concentration range of the steroid tested. The inductive effect of estrogen was severely curtailed by the antiestrogens,viz., En- and Zu-clomiphene citrates, while progesterone was incapable of either modulating the estrogen-induced response or eliciting an induction by itself. Cycloheximide drastically blocked the response to estrogen. Evidence for the ability of uterus to serve as yet another independent site of thiamin carrier protein synthesis was obtained by in vitro incorporation of radioactive amino acids into immunoprecipitable thiamin carrier protein in the tissue explants of estrogenised female rats. The levels of thiamin carrier protein in uterine luminal fluid measured during estrous cycle, pregnancy and experimental estrogenisation exhibited remarkable similarity to the plasma thiamin carrier protein profiles

VAr Compensation Based Stability Enhancement Of Wind Turbine Using STATCOM

Maintenance of power system stability becomes vital during disturbances like faults, contingency etc. This work deals with a novel priority oriented optimal reactive power compensation of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind turbine using Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). A multi-objective problem will be formulated to maintain voltage within its tolerance levels using Voltage Severity Index (VSI) and to mitigate low frequency oscillations by using Transient Power Severity Index (TPSI) during post-fault conditions. An optimal solution to this proposed problem will be obtained using Fuzzy Logic. In order to justify the proposed methodology it is simulated and tested using 2 MW DFIG with MATLAB- Simulink.nbs

Copper undercoats on the corrosion resistance of bright nickel-chromium and of nickel-iron-chromium electrodeposits on steel substrates

The present paper deals with the testing of the newly developed nickel-iron plating process with regard to the corrosion performance of coatings produced. Aceticacid saltspray method he6 been used as the test method.The results show that mild steel plated with nickel iron-chromium systems with iron contents up to 35 %are suitable for indoor applications though slightly inferior to nickelchromium systems. Uterature reports suggest that nickelchromium systems for outdoor applications are to be modified by inducing microporosity in the chromium top layer and by giving suitable undercoats. The use of a microporous chromium topcoat in improving the performance of nickel and nickel iron coatings are tested. The effect of copper undercoats on the corrosion performance of nickel and nickel iron-chromium systems are compared and it is concluded that a copper undercoat is more beneficial for a nickel ironchromium system than a ni~ekhromium system

Line positions and intensities for the gamma 1 + gamma 2 and gamma 2 + gamma 3 bands of (16)O3

Using 0.005 cm-resolution Fourier transform spectra of (16)O3, generated by electric discharge from a greater than 99.98 percent pure sample of (16)O3, an extensive analysis of the gamma 1 + gamma 2 and the gamma 2 + gamma 3 bands in the 5.7 micron region was performed. The rotational energy levels of the upper (110) and (011) vibrational states of (16)O3 were reproduced within their experimental uncertainties using a Hamiltonian which takes explicitly into account the Coriolis-type interaction occurring between the rotational energy levels of both states. Improved vibrational energies and rotational and coupling constants were also derived for the (110) and (011) states. Precise transition moment constants for these two bands were deduced from analysis of 220 measured line intensities. Finally, a complete list of line positions, intensities, and lower state energies for both bands has been generated

Utilization Of Steel Slag In Concrete As A Partial Replacement Material for Fine Aggregates

Abstract: As a construction material, concrete is the largest production of all other materials. Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. They give body to the concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy. The increase in demand for the ingredients of concrete is met by partial replacement of materials by the waste materials which is obtained by means of various industries. Slag is a byproduct of metal smelting and hundreds of tons of it are produced every year all over the world in the process of refining metals and making alloys. Like other industrial byproducts, slag actually has many uses, and rarely goes to waste. It appears in concrete, aggregate road materials, as ballast, and is sometimes used as a component of phosphate fertilizer. In appearance, slag looks like a loose collection of aggregate, with lumps of varying sizes. It is also sometimes referred to as cinder, in a reference to its sometimes dark and crumbly appearance. This substance is produced during the smelting process in several ways. Firstly, slag represents undesired impurities in the metals, which float to the top during the smelting process. Secondly, metals start to oxidize as they are smelted, and slag forms a protective crust of oxides on the top of the metal being smelted, protecting the liquid metal underneath. When the metal is smelted to satisfaction, the slag is skimmed from the top and disposed of in a slag heap to age. Aging material is an important part of the process, as it needs to be exposed to the weather and allowed to break down slightly before it can be used. In this experimental investigation an attempt is made to study the effect of partial replacement of fine aggregate by steel slag in the mechanical properties of M 20 grade concrete

2-Chloro-N-[2-(2-fluoro­benzo­yl)-4-nitro­phen­yl]-N-methyl­acetamide

The title compound, C16H12ClFN2O4, crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit in which the dihedral angles between the mean planes of the two benzene rings are 65.1 (7) and 65.6 (6)°. In each mol­ecule, the nitro group displays rotational disorder over two orientations in a 0.503 (11):0.497 (11) ratio and the Cl atom is disordered in a 0.432 (5):0.568 (5) ratio. In one mol­ecule, the F atoms is statistically disordered over two positions. The crystal packing features weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl inter­actions, which form a layered network

Demand for Foreign Exchange Reserves in India: A Co-integration Approach

Using cointegraion and vector error correction approach, we estimate India’s demand for foreign exchange reserves over the period 1983:1-2005:1. Our results establish that the ratio imports to GDP, the ratio of broad money to GDP,exchange rate flexibility and interest rate differential determine India’s long-run reserves demand function. Our empirical results show that reserve accumulation in India is highly sensitive to capital account vulnerability and less sensitive to its opportunity cost. The speed of adjustment coefficient of vector error correction model suggests that Reserve Bank of India has to engage in more active reserve management practices

Demand for Foreign Exchange Reserves in India: A Co-integration Approach

Using cointegraion and vector error correction approach, we estimate India’s demand for foreign exchange reserves over the period 1983:1-2005:1. Our results establish that the ratio imports to GDP, the ratio of broad money to GDP,exchange rate flexibility and interest rate differential determine India’s long-run reserves demand function. Our empirical results show that reserve accumulation in India is highly sensitive to capital account vulnerability and less sensitive to its opportunity cost. The speed of adjustment coefficient of vector error correction model suggests that Reserve Bank of India has to engage in more active reserve management practices